破解日常生存英语:一本融合生存口语、基础语法的单词书
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Season-11 Daily Communication (人与人日常交际)

S11-1 Talking to Family and Close Friends(称呼亲密的人)

honey ['hʌni] n. 亲爱的

【近】darling ['dɑːlɪŋ] n. 亲爱的,宝贝儿

dear [dɪə(r)] a. 亲爱的;宝贵的

【生存句】

A: Hey, my friend. It’s been a long time. How are you?

(嘿,我的朋友。好久不见。还好吗?)

B: Hello, my dear friend.Happy to see you again after so many years.

(嘿,我亲爱的朋友。这么多年之后,很高兴再次见到你。)

dad [dæd] n. 爸爸(口语用法)

【引】mum [mʌm] n. 妈妈(口语用法)

grandpa ['ɡrænpɑː] n. 爷爷, 外公(口语用法)

【引】grandma ['ɡrænmɑː] n. 奶奶, 外婆(口语用法)

S11-2 Speaking Politely(尊称别人)

call [kɔːl] vt. 称呼

sir [sɜː(r)] n. 先生, 阁下(对男性的尊称)

madam ['mædəm] n. 夫人; 女士(对女性的尊称)

【引】ma’am ['mæm] n. 女士(美式英语经常这样称呼陌生女性)

Mr. = mister ['mɪstə(r)] n. 先生(用于姓名前)

【例】Mr. Li 李先生

Mrs. ['mɪsɪz] n. 夫人 (用来称呼已婚女士,后面加丈夫的姓)

【例】Mrs. Smith 史密斯夫人

Miss [mɪs] n. 女士, 小姐(对未婚妇女的称呼)

【生存句】

A: Miss, what should I call you?

(女士,怎么称呼您呢?)

B: You can just call me Nina.

(你叫我妮娜就可以。)

【生存句】

A: Excuse me, sir (ma’am). Can you tell me the time?

(先生/女士,打扰下。可以告诉我一下时间吗?)

B: Ok, it’s 12 o’clock now.

(可以,现在12点了。)

【生存句】

A: Hello, Miss Wang (Mr. Wang), welcome back to our store. How can I help you?

(您好王小姐/王先生,欢迎再次来到我们店。有什么可以为您服务的?)

B: I’m here to see your new products. Can you show them to me?

(我来看看你们的新产品。你可以给我展示一下吗?)

S11-3 Different Kinds of Communication(各种形式的沟通)

conversation [ˌkɒnvə'seɪʃn] n. 对话,谈话

【固】have a conversation with sb. 与某人交谈

talk [tɔːk] vi. 说话,谈话

【固】talk with…与……交谈

【近】chat [tʃæt] vi. 聊天

【固】chat with sb. 与某人聊天

【生存句式】

Can I/you do sth.

你/我可以做某事吗?

【情】这是表达请求最常用、最简单的句式。

A: Can I talk with you for a moment?

(我可以和你聊一会儿吗?)

B: Well, I’m having a conversation with my teacher right now. Can we talk later?

(我正在和我的老师谈话。我们可以过一会儿再聊吗?)

tell [tel] vt. 告诉;讲述

【固】tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事

【固】tell a story 讲故事

meeting ['miːtɪŋ] n. 会议

【固】have a meeting 开会

【引】meet [miːt] vt. 遇见vi. 见面

【引】 conference ['kɒnfərəns] n. (正式的)会议

【生存句】

A: Excuse me, can you tell me what time my flight leaves?

(打扰下,您可以告诉我,我的航班几点起飞吗?)

B: Sure, your flight leaves at 10 o’clock a.m. It’s also printed on your boarding pass.

(可以,您的航班上午10点起飞。您的登机牌上面也同时打印了这个时间。)

discussion [dɪ'skʌʃn] n. 讨论

【引】discuss [dɪ'skʌs] vt. 讨论,议论

negotiation [nɪˌɡəʊʃi'eɪʃn] n. 谈判

【引】negotiate [nɪ'ɡəʊʃieɪt] vi. 谈判

【固】negotiate with sb. 与某人谈判

【引】debate [dɪ'beɪt] n/v. 辩论

【生存句】

A: What? Your hotel is full? I booked a room a week ago. Can I discuss this problem with your manager?

(什么?你们的酒店客满了?我上周预订了房间。我可以和你们经理讨论下这个问题吗?)

B: I’m sorry about this, sir. My manager is having a meeting right now. Would you wait for a while?

(先生,这件事情真是抱歉。我的经理正在开会。您可以稍等一会儿吗?)

argument ['ɑːɡjumənt] n. 争吵

【引】argue ['ɑːɡjuː] vi. 争论,争吵

【固】argue with sb. 与某人争吵

【引】debate [dɪ'beɪt] n/v. 辩论

story ['stɔːri] n. 故事

【生】It’s a long story.说来话长。

express [ɪk'spres] vt. 表达

【固】express one’s feeling 表达某人的感情

【引】expression [ɪk'spreʃn] n. (语言)表达

say [seɪ] vt. 说,讲

【引】said [sed](say 的过去式和过去分词)

【生存句】

A: Why did you argue with that person? Was there a problem?

(你刚才为什么和那个人争吵?有问题吗?)

B: Yes, I was waiting in line to buy a cup of coffee. That person just cut in front of me.

(是的,我刚才正在排队买一杯咖啡,那个人插队到我前面。)

【生存句】

A: What did he say just now?

(他刚才说了什么?)

B1: He said he was a policeman.

(他说他是一个警察。)

B2: He said, “I’m a policeman.”

(他说:“我是一个警察。”)

【生存句法——转述或引用别人的话】

B1:用转述的语气描述某人当时说的话,强调对方说话的内容。语法称之为“间接引语”。

B2:直接引用某人当时的原话,强调说话人当时的语气和情感。真实口语表达中往往会加上当时说话人的语调,甚至表情和动作来更好地还原说话人当时的状态。语法称之为“直接引语”。

S11-4 Actions During Communication(交流中的动作)

greet [ɡriːt] vt. 向(人)打招呼

【引】greeting ['ɡriːtɪŋ] n. 问候

reply [rɪ'plaɪ] v. 回复,答复

【固】reply to an e-mail 回复一封电子邮件

ask [ɑːsk] v. 问

【引】question ['kwestʃən] n. 问题

【固】ask a question 问一个问题

answer ['ɑːnsə(r)] v./n. 回答

【固】answer my question 回答我的问题

【固】answer one’s call 接听某人电话

admit [əd'mɪt] v. 承认

【反】deny [dɪ'naɪ] v. 否认

excuse [ɪk'skjuːs] n. 借口

【固】make an excuse 找借口

【生存句】

A: You don’t have to make excuses. You can admit that you don’t want to come to my party.

(你不必找借口。你可以承认你不想来我的聚会。)

B: OK, I don’t want to deny it. Let me be frank with you, I don’t like the strange people you are going to invite.

(好吧,我不否认。坦白和你讲,我不喜欢你邀请的那些奇怪的人。)

【生存句】

A: How do you greet someone in your country?

(在你们国家怎么向别人问好?)

B: We say, “how are you?”

(我们说:“你好吗?”)

【生存句】

A: Why didn’t you answer my call yesterday? I wanted to ask you something.

(你昨天为什么不接我电话?我想问你一些事情。)

B: I’m sorry, I left my cell phone at home yesterday.

(不好意思,我昨天把手机落在家里了。)

doubt [daʊt] vt. 怀疑,不相信n. 疑惑

trust [trʌst] vt./n. 信任

【固】trust each other 彼此信任

【生存句】

A: Do you have any doubts about this bike?

(您对这辆自行车还有什么疑问吗?)

B: Yes, I doubt the quality of it. Can you show me more about the quality?

(有,我怀疑这辆自行车的质量。你可以就它们的质量问题多做些展示吗?)

lie [laɪ] vi. 撒谎

【固】lie to sb.向某人撒谎

【引】lying ['laɪŋ] 撒谎(lie 的现在分词)

explain [ɪk'spleɪn] vt. 解释,说明

【引】explanation [ˌeksplə'neɪʃn] n. 解释,说明

promise ['prɒmɪs] vi. 承诺

【固】promise to do sth. 承诺做某事

【例】He promised to help me with my problems.他承诺要帮助我解决我的问题。

complain [kəm'pleɪn] vt. 抱怨

【固】complain about sth. 抱怨某事

encourage [ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ] vt. 鼓励

【引】courage ['kʌrɪdʒ] n. 勇气

【固】encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

【生存句】

A: Listen, I didn’t mean to stand you up last night. Let me explain: After I left home, I realized I didn’t bring my keys, wallet and cell phone. The address of the restaurant was saved in my phone, so I didn’t know where to meet you. I wanted to call you, but I didn’t remember your phone number. I promise you that this will never happen again. 

(听我说,我昨晚不是故意失约的。听我解释:我离开家之后,我意识到我没有带我的钥匙、钱包和手机。餐厅地址存在了我手机里,所以我不知道在哪里和你见面。我想给你打电话,可是我不记得你的电话号码。我保证下次不会再发生这样的事情了。)

B: I doubt it. I think you are lying. This is the third time you have locked your keys and phone in your house. You complained about your poor memory last time. I even encouraged you to see a doctor. Tell me! How can I trust you again? 

(我很怀疑。我觉得你在撒谎。这是你第三次把钥匙和手机锁在家里了。你上次还抱怨自己的记性差。我还建议你去看看医生。告诉我!我怎么再相信你?)

【注】 stand sb. up=失约,让某人白等一场

realize ['riːəlaɪz]=v. 意识到

repeat [rɪ'piːt] vt. 重复

【生】Now, repeat after me. 现在,跟我重复。

ignore [ɪɡ'nɔː(r)] vt. 忽视

warn [wɔːn] vt. 警告

【固】warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事

beg [beɡ] vt. 恳求,乞求

【固】beg sb. to do sth. 恳请某人做某事

【生存句】

A: Hey, I warned you not to take pictures here. If you ignore my words again, I will call the police.

(嘿,我警告过你不要在这里照相的。如果你再忽略我说的话,我就报警了。)

B: I’m so sorry. I beg you to let me take one more picture.

(太对不起了。我恳求你再让我拍最后一张吧。)

S11-5 Words of Politeness (礼貌用词)

please [pliːz] ad. 请

【生】Please help me!请帮帮我!

thank [θæŋk] vt. 谢谢

【生存句式】

Thank you for doing sth.

感谢你做某事。

A: Thank you for inviting me to dinner.

(感谢你请我吃饭。)

B: It’s my pleasure.

(不客气。)

sorry ['sɒri] a. 对不起;遗憾

【生存句式】

I'm sorry to hear...

得知……我感到很遗憾(很难过)。

A: You two broke up? I’m sorry to hear that. Are you feeling OK now?

(你们两个人分手了?听到这个消息我感到很遗憾。你现在感觉还好吗?)

B: I’m OK. I’ve already met someone more suitable. Thank you for asking.

(我很好。我已经遇到更适合的人了。多谢关心。)

【注】suitable ['suːtəbl] = a. 合适的

excuse [ɪk'skjuːs] vt. 原谅

【生】Excuse me.打扰一下。

【近】pardon ['pɑːdn] vt./n. 原谅

【生】I beg your pardon? 可以再说一遍吗?

welcome ['welkəm] v. 欢迎

【生】Welcome to China !欢迎来到中国!

S11-6 Yes or No(肯定或者否定)

sure [ʃʊə(r)] a. 确定的

【引】surely ['ʃʊəli] ad. 一定

【生】I’m not sure.我不确定。

【生存句式】

I'm sure that...

我肯定……

A: Are you sure that Andy will come soon? 

(你确定安迪很快会回来?)

B: Yes, I’m sure because he just called.

(是的,我很确定,因为他刚才打电话了。)

certain ['sɜːtn] a. 肯定的

【反】uncertain [ʌn'sɜːtn] a. 不确定的

【引】certainly ['sɜːtnli] ad. 肯定地

definite ['defɪnət] a. 肯定的

【固】definite answer 明确的回答

【引】definitely ['defɪnətli] ad. 肯定地

exactly [ɪɡ'zæktli] ad. 具体地;正确(口语用法)

【引】exact [ɪɡ'zækt] a. 具体的,确切的

【固】exact number 确切数字

【生】Exactly right! 完全正确!

【生存句式】

I can certainly do sth.

我肯定可以做某事。

A: Are you sure you can help me?

(你确定可以帮助我吗?)

B: I can certainly help you.

(我肯定可以帮助你。)

【生存句】

A: Did you pass the interview?

(你通过面试了吗?)

B: I’m not exactly sure. They didn’t give me a definite answer and told me to wait for their call.

(我不确定。他们没有给我明确的答复,告诉我等电话。)

accept [ək'sept] vt. 接受

【固】accept an apology/an invitation接受道歉/邀请

apologize [ə'pɒlədʒaɪz] vi. 道歉

【引】apology [ə'pɒlədʒi] n. 道歉

【固】apologize to sb. 向某人道歉

【固】apologize for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事道歉

【引】forgive [fə'ɡɪv] vt. 原谅

permit [pə'mɪt] vt. 许可(更正式)

【固】permit sb. to do sth. 许可某人做某事

【引】permission [pə'mɪʃn] n. 许可,批准

【固】ask for permission 请求许可

【固】give sb. permission 给某人允许

allow [ə'laʊ] vt. 允许

【固】allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

obey [ə'beɪ] vt. 服从

【固】obey sb. 服从某人

【引】disobey [ˌdɪsə'beɪ] vt. 不服从

force [fɔːs] v. 强迫

【固】force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事

agree [ə'ɡriː] vi. 同意

【反】disagree [ˌdɪsə'ɡriː] vi. 持不同意见

【固】agree with sb./sth. 同意某人观点/同意某事

actual ['æktʃuəl] a. 实际的

【引】actually ['æktʃuəli] ad. 实际上

reject ['riːdʒekt] vt. 拒绝

【固】reject sb.’s help 拒绝某人的帮助

refuse [rɪ'fjuːz] vt. 拒绝

【固】refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

【生存句】

A: I apologize for taking your book without telling you.

(很抱歉我没告诉你就拿了你的书。)

B: It’s OK. I accept your apology. But I won’t forgive you if you do it again.

(没事。我接受你的道歉。如果你下次再这样我就不会原谅你了。)

【生存句式】

Please allow me to do sth..

请允许我做某事。

【情】非常委婉地表达给予帮助,或者希望获得某种允许。

A: Please allow me to carry this bag for you, you must be tired after a long flight. (请允许我帮你来拎包吧。你坐这么久的飞机一定很劳累。)

B: Thank you. That's very nice of you.

(非常感谢。你真好。)

【生存句】

A: Do you agree with my idea?

(你同意我的想法吗?)

B: I actually disagree. It’s not going to work. Don’t force me to obey you, or I will leave this team.

(我实际上不同意。这个想法不会管用的。别强迫我服从你,否则我就离开这个团队。)

【生存句】

A: Did you give her your phone number?

(你把你的电话号码给她了吗?)

B: No, I refused to give her my phone number. I didn’t know her at all.

(没有,我拒绝了给她我的电话号码。我根本不认识她。)

introduce [ˌɪntrə'djuːs] vt. 介绍

【固】introduce A to B 把A介绍给B

【生】Let me introduce myself. I’m… 让我来介绍一下我自己,我是……

blame [bleɪm] n./ v. 责备

【固】blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人

remind [rɪ'maɪnd] vt. 提醒

【固】remind sb. of sth. 就某事提醒某人

【生】Thank you for reminding me of the time change.感谢你提醒我时间的更改。

S11-7 Key Short Sentences in a Conversation(人与人对话中的常用短句)

最常用口语固定回应

A: I’m glad to see you. (很高兴见到你。)

B: I’m happy to see you, too.(见到你我也很高兴。)

A: How are you doing? (你好吗?)

B: I’m doing great. (我很好。)

A: Thank you! (谢谢!)

B1: You’re welcome. (不客气。)

B2: My pleasure. (很乐意。不用客气。)

A: I’m sorry! (对不起!)

B1:It’s okay.(没关系。)

B2: No problem.(没事。)

A: Hurry up!(赶快!)

B: I’m coming. (这就来!)

表达对话中插话或回应短句

Hold on!(先别说!)

By the way, … (顺便问一下……)

I have a question.(我有一个问题。)

Can you say that again? (你可以再说一次吗?)

Tell me more about it. (再多说点儿。)

Oh I see!(明白了!)

I got it. (我明白!)

离开道别短句

Have fun! (玩儿得愉快!)

Have a good day! (祝你一天愉快!)

Talk to you later.(一会儿聊!)

See you later.(再见。)

Take care.(保重。)